Abstract

Leandro Lanzieri, Lukasz Butkowski, Jiri Kral, Goerschwin Fey, Holger Schlarb, Thomas C. Schmidt,
Studying the Degradation of Propagation Delay on FPGAs at the European XFEL,
In: Proc. of 27th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD), IEEE, August 2024.
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Abstract: An increasing number of unhardened commercial-off-the-shelf embedded devices are deployed under harsh operating conditions and in highly-dependable systems. Due to the mechanisms of hardware degradation that affect these devices, ageing detection and monitoring are crucial to prevent critical failures. In this paper, we empirically study the propagation delay of 298 naturally-aged FPGA devices that are deployed in the European XFEL particle accelerator. Based on in-field measurements, we find that operational devices show significantly slower switching frequencies than unused chips, and that increased gamma and neutron radiation doses correlate with increased hardware degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of developing machine learning models that estimate the switching frequencies of the devices based on historical and environmental data.

Themes: Internet of Things

 

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